Guruvayoor temple(about 23km from thrissur - the cultural capital of kerala) is one of the places I always wants to visit. This is a sacred place in kerala where we can feel the presence of lord Krishna(guruvayoorappan). This is my third visit to guruvayoor. This time I am alone. Main reason for my visit is to attend my friend's marriage at thriprayar, a place near guruvayoor. My last visit was with him. The moment he informed about his marriage, I decided that I all be attenting his marriage and will visit guruvayoor.
Endianness tells how multiple byte variables are stored in the RAM or handled in a particular format. In normal cases, endianness will be transparent to the user. That means the programmer do not need to worry about how the variables are handled. Every thing happens at the hardware of the processor or will be managed by the compiler.
But if we are trying to access the value of variable directly from the memory, then there is a problem. For this we should know in what order individual bytes in the variable are kept in memory.
In the source code,Var1 is a 2-bytes variable which contains 0xAA55. Now p is declared as pointer to an unsigned character of size 1-byte. Since p is initialized to the address of the variable Var1, it is now pointing to the first memory location which contains Var1. For example(see the figures shown below), if variable Var1 is in the address 0x1035 then it will be occupying the addresses 0x1035 and 0x1036. Depending on the endianness the order in which higher byte and lower bytes are stored in these memory locations. By printing *p we will know what is there in the first address ie, 0x1035 and by printing *(p + 1) we will know what is there in the second memory location.
Memory map in case of Little Endian Architecture
Memory map in case of Big Endian Architecture
Output
Pasted below is the output of the program compiled and executed on my netbook running on Intel atom processor.
Here you can see that first byte printed using the pointer p is 0x55 and second byte is 0xAA. Since lower byte lies in the lower address it is Little endian architecture.
Ameya-yokocho Market[Ameyoko] is a very busy market in Ueno-Okachimachi. Here you can find any thing for shopping. Some of the items are Jewels, Precious Stones, Gems, Perls, Fashion items, Leather products, Clothes, Spices, Cereals, Green tea, Fish/Sea food, restaurants, food stalls etc etc the list goes on.
These are some pictures which I took during my visit to this market on 10th October 2010.
Ameya Yokocho or briefly known as Ameyoko is a bustle market street paralleling Yamanote Line tracks between Okachimachi and Ueno Station. Shops, restaurants, outdoor food stalls or what the local called as 'Yatai' are practically operating from sunrise till dark takes over under a stretch of concrete train tracks.
This is one of the best Asian Bazaars, here you will find a little bit of everything, and much of it at bargain basement prices, once a black market, it has become one of Tokyo’s most vibrant places with a huge array of food, clothing, jewellery, toys and cosmetics. you can buy anything from the latest pair of jeans to seaweed or pickled octopus tentacles.
Ameyoko, located in the area between Ueno and Okachimachi, is a busy bazaar-style market. It has hundreds of stalls for about 400 meters alongside and under the elevated track that runs between JR Okachimachi Station and JR Ueno Station. Ameyoko is famous for its unique atmosphere - jam packed stores, buyers bargaining and negotiating with the sellers, and vendors out-shouting each other at the top of their lungs to attract buyers.
I have a Dell Inspiron Mini 10 Netbook which I bought for reading and surfing internet while I am travelling. When I started using my new netbook, I felt difficult to organise my files because there is only one partition aveilable for use. So I decided to partition the hard disk.
First I checked the windows disk mangager which comes with windows 7 to partition the hard disk. But it has lot of limitations and it creates primary partitions. So only a maximum of four partitions can be made(maximum possible primary partitions which can be created is four). Out of this four three are already in use, because dell has a hidden recovery partition and a windows 7 boot partition. This limits us to create only one more new partition, also the size of the new partition has limitations.
After searching, I found the application gparted. Gparted provides a bootable iso image which can be used to boot from CD or USB flash drive. After booting from the image file downloaded, we will be able to edit the partition. So the C drive can be shrinked to generate free space and we can create any number of logical partition by creating a new extented partition.
Steps will be
Download bootable iso from the gparted download page.
Tarakeshwar temple is an old temple in Yerwada, Pune where Lord Shiva is the main god. This temple is situated at the top of a small hill near Yerwada bridge.
Last weekend I accidently overwritten the partition table of my dell inspiron mini 10 while trying to install the grub4dos mbr.
I was trying to dual boot windows 7(default OS which came with the Netbook) and windows xp operating systems. Since Windows XP was installed after Windows 7, my netbook was not able to log in to windows 7. I did some experiments like using easyBCD, windows 7 recovery from USB drive etc to boot windows 7. But it did not work.
After doing some research with the help of different tools, I found that problem is due to having different primary partitions. While booting, bios will check for a partition with boot flag set and loads the boot code from that partition. When windows XP is installed, it updated the boot flag such that partition with windows XP is bootable. So the recovery tools were updating the windows 7 boot partition, but the boot flag was set for the XP partition. So only Windows XP was booting.
While I was trying different tools, I have erased the boot partition of Windows 7. So I decided to install grub4dos with its files on the boot partition.
My plan was to create a bootable USB disk using and then install grub4dos from the commandline interface of grub boot menu displayed by the.
which will leave the partition inforamtion and write only the mbr.
Partition Layout - Before writing mbr wrongly
Partition Layout - After writing mbr wrongly
Because of the wrong command, partition table is overwritten by grldr.mbr. When I rebooted, grub4dos was giving error that it cannot find the grldr because of the corroupted partition table. While trying commands root (hd0,0) grub reported that the partitions cannot be found. When I checked with the gparted live boot CD, it reported hard disk to be empty.
Eventhough the partition table is erased, data contained in the disk is available. Fortunately I had a multiboot CD containing Bart PE. With getdataback NTFS software, I was able to recover the data from hard disk.
Steps involved are
Booting the Bart PE CD from external CD drive(Can be done from a USB flash drive also). While booting, also connect an external disk drive big enough to hold the recovered data.
Scanning the hard disk using the getdataback NTFS(or FAT depending on the partition types).
Getdataback software will list the possible partitions after the scanning.
Save the scan data at this stage so that it can be loaded again for restoring another partition. This will help saving the time need for scanning the disk agiain.
Select the correct partition from the list. Correct one can be identified by checking of size of the partition.
These days more people are aware of the global warming and CO2 emission, governments are imposing strict standards for Automotive manufacturers to follow. One of the standard which is widely in use in the automotive industry is OBD-II which defnes the vehicle's self diagnosis and reporting capability. It provides a list of vehicle parameters to monitor and how to encode the data. Here DTC or Diagnostic Trouble Code tells the fault which is detected in the self diagnosis.
Modern vehicles
Modern vehicles are equiped with more electronic parts which gives it intelligence and better capabilities. A car might contain 10s of microcomputer units inside it which is called as ECU (Electronic Control Unit). These ECUs can take input from the sensors and act upon those information and can also control some actuators(Depending on the function of the ECU). For example in Electric Vehicles there will be a separate ECU for monitoring the Battery pack and separate ECU for controlling the charging.
Now these ECUs are interconnected using a network called as CAN (Analogus to ethernet in computers). ECUs passes information between them in the form of CAN messages.
DTC - Diagnostic Trouble Codes
Whenever the vehicle is in operation, the ECUs keeps doing self diagnosis. Self diagnosis includes checking of the sensors, input signals, communication, on boards devices etc. Results of the diagnosis will be saved in the ECU, depending on the importance of the unit for which diagnosis and the type of the unit and ECU data sotred will vary. Each diagnosis unit in the velicle will be associated with a unique identification code of 3bytes called as Diagnostic Trouble Code.Conventions are followed in associating a DTC with a diagnosis unit.
DTC database for various vehicles can be found in the internet.
In some vehicles with display pannel, the DTC information readout will be available.
These DTC related infromations helps in finding problems in the vehicle and for repairing it.
OBD Data Link Connector
OBD Data Link Connecotors are used to connect an external scan tool to the vehicle, usually located under the dashboard. The scan tools can now access the CAN netowrk and then communicate with the ECU. Lot of scan tools are available in the market. Scan tools uses special protocol to communicate with the ECU(KWP 2000, DiagOnCAN etc)
These scan tools will search all the ECUs for the stored diagnostic results. ECUs will send the DTCs for which the some problem was detected.
